how did alexander graham bell invent the telephone

[16][N 4] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. Encouraged by his father, young Bell attempted to make working models of ears and vocal cords, aiming to create a mechanical speech device. [147][N 19] Bell also built the Bell Boatyard on the estate, employing up to 40 people building experimental craft as well as wartime lifeboats and workboats for the Royal Canadian Navy and pleasure craft for the Bell family. Bell was inspired in part by Australian aeronautical engineer, "Selfridge Aerodrome Sails Steadily for 319 feet (97m). Case Files: Alexander Graham Bell | The Franklin Institute In Bells luggage was his new communication device, the telephone. Score: 4.1/5 (16 votes) . What year was Alexander Graham Bell the inventor of the telephone? [121] However, due to the efforts of Congressman Vito Fossella, the U.S. House of Representatives on June 11, 2002, stated that Meucci's "work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged". The telegraph was one of the most important inventions of its time. Starting in 1891, inspired by the research of American scientist Samuel Pierpont Langley, he experimented with wing shapes and propeller blade designs. Bell's March 10, 1876, laboratory notebook entry describing his first successful experiment with the telephone. Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound. How The Telephone Was Invented by Alex Alex Graham Bell's Early Life It all started when Alex was 15 years old and he saw a "speaking automaton" machine that was "disappointingly crude" so Alex's father challenged him and his brother to build a better machine, which they did. It was then recollected that underneath the horse-hair mattress on which the President lay was another mattress composed of steel wires. In 2006, Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Among his 30 patented inventions, Bell created the audiometer, which he used to test the hearing of hundreds of people, including children. While pursuing his teaching profession, Bell also began researching methods to transmit several telegraph messages simultaneously over a single wirea major focus of telegraph innovation at the time and one that ultimately led to Bells invention of the telephone. Father of Prof. A. G. Bell Developed Sign Language for Mutes", "Before Inventing The Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell Tried To Teach His Dog To Talk", "Charles Sumner Tainter and the Graphophone", "Image 1 of Pamphlet by Alexander Graham Bell, 1898", "Alexander Graham Bell and His Role in Oral Education", "Alexander Graham Bell - Helpful or Harmful? : Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History", "Proof Set 100th Anniversary of Flight in Canada (2009)", "Dartmouth graduates 208: Alexander Graham Bell Among Those Receiving Honorary Degrees", "THE SCREEN; The founding of the Wrong-Number Industry WellDramatized in Roxy's 'Alexander Graham Bell' At the 86th St. Garden Theatre At Three Theatres At the 86th Street Casino", Alexander and Mabel Bell Legacy Foundation, Alexander Graham Bell Institute at Cape Breton University, Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site of Canada, Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress, Science.ca profile: Alexander Graham Bell, "Tlphone et photophone: les contributions indirectes de Graham Bell l'ide de la vision distance par l'lectricit", Newspaper clippings about Alexander Graham Bell, "We Had No Idea What Alexander Graham Bell Sounded Like. Alexander Graham Bell, (born March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotlanddied August 2, 1922, Beinn Bhreagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada), Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinement of the phonograph (1886). History Through Deaf Eyes - The Influence of Alexander Graham Bell. Known as the father of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell's invention historically changed how people communicated. Having lost her hearing after a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever close to her fifth birthday,[74][75][N 11] she had learned to read lips but her father, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell's benefactor and personal friend, wanted her to work directly with her teacher. GRAHAM BELL BIRTH ANNIVERSARY: Alexander Graham Bell, popularly known by his middle name Graham Bell, is known for his contribution to the invention of telephone.He was born on March 3 in 1847, in Scotland and moved to Canada with his family. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone - HISTORY Nevertheless, it contributed to research into the photovoltaic effect that had practical applications later in the 20th century. Bell typically signed his name in full on his correspondence. Alexander Graham Bell plaque (1847)National Museums Scotland. Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. The world is aware of the fact that Bell invented the telephone. Bell understood that if sound could be transmitted as an electrical current, it would be possible for a receiver to interpret those vibrations. Or, did you know that in later years he refused to have a telephone in his study? When he was just 12, the young Alexander invented a device with rotating paddles and nail brushes that could quickly remove husks from wheat grain to help improve a farming process. He was the inventor of the hydrofoil boat, a man-carrying kite, the aileron, a moveable part of an airplane wing that helps control rolling, and the landing/take-off airplane tricycle gear. Alexander Graham Bells observations about how sound traveled along a wire gave rise to his idea of transmitting a human voice in the same manner. In the 1830s he moved to Cuba and, while working on methods to treat illnesses with electric shocks, found that sounds could travel by electrical impulses through copper wire. It is most likely that both Bell and Gray independently devised their telephone designs as an outgrowth of their work on harmonic telegraphy. Did Alexander Graham Bell Steal The Telephone Patent? Corrections? However, the question of priority of invention between the two has been controversial from the very beginning. Alexander Graham Bell: The Inventor Who Transformed Communication On March 3, 1847, Alexander Graham Bell was born, the man who is credited in popular culture with the invention of the first working telephone. [215] [N 28][216] Since 1976, the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could "speak", albeit only a few words. Why did Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone? While Bell recovered (by then referring to himself in correspondence as "A. G. Bell") and served the next year as an instructor at Somerset College, Bath, England, his brother's condition deteriorated. [131] One unusual request exacted by his fiance was that he use "Alec" rather than the family's earlier familiar name of "Aleck". "[180], Historians have noted that Bell explicitly opposed laws regulating marriage, and never mentioned sterilization in any of his writings. Alexander Graham Bell's Contributions to the Science of Hearing Meucci was not involved in the final trial. [197] During his life, he also received dozens of major awards, medals, and other tributes. PDF Who Was Alexander Graham Bell [PDF] - freewebmasterhelp.com Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. "[177], A review of Bell's "Memoir upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race" appearing in an 1885 issue of the "American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb" states that "Dr. Bell does not advocate legislative interference with the marriages of the deaf for several reasons one of which is that the results of such marriages have not yet been sufficiently investigated." [71] Ultimately, in 1880, the Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf passed a resolution preferring the teaching of oral communication rather than signing in schools. It was invented jointly by Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter on February 19, 1880, at Bell's laboratory at 1325 L Street in Washington, D.C. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to University College London. [150] The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. Moving to Hammondsport, the group then designed and built the Red Wing, framed in bamboo and covered in red silk and powered by a small air-cooled engine. But do you know the real story behind how the first telephone invention came to be? The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy. Alexander Graham Bell's role as a teacher for deaf individuals and the presence of his deaf wife and mother inspired him to develop his electrical speech machine, or telephone. You may know that a telephone uses electricity to send voice communications. [182], In 1921, a Second International Congress of Eugenics was held in New York at the Museum of Natural History and chaired by Davenport. The result was a contraption that he dubbed the ear phonautograph. A person could speak into the machine, and a pen attached to a membrane would react by tracing a line. [146][N 20] The Bells were still in residence at Beinn Bhreagh when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6, 1917. Alexander Graham Bell certainly invented other things besides the telephone. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1860),[21] which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. Despite a 10-year age difference, they fell in love and were married on July 11, 1877. How did Alexander Graham Bell's telephone impact society? [N 24] The White Wing and June Bug were to follow and by the end of 1908, over 150 flights without mishap had been accomplished. Omissions? That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart. Western Union Telegraph Company, the dominant firm in the industry, acquired the rights to Stearnss duplex and hired the noted inventor Thomas Edison to devise as many multiple-transmission methods as possible in order to block competitors from using them. In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Although Edison had invented the phonograph in 1877, he soon turned his attention to other technologies, especially electric power and lighting, and his machine, which recorded and reproduced sound on a rotating cylinder wrapped in tinfoil, remained an unreliable and cumbersome device. [34] These initial forays into experimentation with sound led Bell to undertake his first serious work on the transmission of sound, using tuning forks to explore resonance. In 1865 the family moved to London. But Thomas Alva Edison coined the greeting. When Bell spoke the sentence "Mr. WatsonCome hereI want to see you" into the liquid transmitter,[87] Watson, listening at the receiving end in an adjoining room, heard the words clearly. Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dig the grave and let me lie. [citation needed], Bell worked extensively in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. Bell used his proceeds from the sale to endow the Volta Laboratory. Some hardships that Alexander Graham Bell faced were he had two brothers that died of tuberculosis. Portrait of Alexander Graham Bell (1915)LIFE Photo Collection. [160] Alternatively, although Bell had detected a slight sound on his first test, the bullet may have been lodged too deeply to be detected by the crude apparatus. [113] The Bell company lawyers successfully fought off myriad lawsuits generated initially around the challenges by Elisha Gray and Amos Dolbear. [128][N 17]. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL invented the telephone. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. Working from his own erroneous mistranslation of a French edition,[36] Bell fortuitously then made a deduction that would be the underpinning of all his future work on transmitting sound, reporting: "Without knowing much about the subject, it seemed to me that if vowel sounds could be produced by electrical means, so could consonants, so could articulate speech." Both men rushed their respective designs for these prototype telephones to the patent office within hours of each other. Bell's patent covered "the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound"[86][N 14] Bell returned to Boston the same day and the next day resumed work, drawing in his notebook a diagram similar to that in Gray's patent caveat. He had filed the mercury application at the patent office a year earlier on February 25, 1875, long before Elisha Gray described the water device. Bell was later awarded the AIEE's Edison Medal in 1914 "For meritorious achievement in the invention of the telephone".[214]. [citation needed], Emperor Pedro II of Brazil was the first person to buy stock in Bell's company, the Bell Telephone Company. On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 700 feet (213m) away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions.[153][154][155][156]. Bell and the inventor Charles Sumner Tainter) had a design fit for commercial use that featured a removable cardboard cylinder coated with mineral wax. [24] Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities. [173] On his estate in Nova Scotia, Bell conducted meticulously recorded breeding experiments with rams and ewes. Over the course of more than 30 years, Bell sought to produce a breed of sheep with multiple nipples that would bear twins. Alexander Graham Bell | The Canadian Encyclopedia Watson, come here, I want to see you!. Bell used the prize money to set up his Volta Laboratory, an institution devoted to studying deafness and improving the lives of the deaf, in Washington, D.C. In November 1920, Bell returned to Edinburgh for a visit. It was Bell's first in a very long line of practical and famous inventions. [182] Other members of the board included Luther Burbank, Roswell H. Johnson, Vernon L. Kellogg, and William E. [148], Until the end of his life, Bell and his family would alternate between the two homes, but Beinn Bhreagh would, over the next 30 years, become more than a summer home as Bell became so absorbed in his experiments that his annual stays lengthened. Who Really Invented The Light Bulb? And Other Myths Debunked [100], Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000, equal to $2,544,688 today. Today the vast majority of all our telecommunication travels the globe at the speed of light along fibre optic cables. A. D. McCurdy from the frozen ice of Bras d'Or made the first aircraft flight in Canada. Why Alexander Graham Bell Invented the Telephone To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald sang a verse of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Requiem":[191]. In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union. Finally, in 1877, Alexander Graham Bell and his business partners established the Bell Telephone Company and began manufacturing the device. And in 1891-92, he served as AIEE president. The property consisted of an orchard, large farmhouse, stable, pigsty, hen-house, and a carriage house, which bordered the Grand River. 1876 Telephones Facts About The Most Important Invention Ever Made - Kidadl Although Bell did not present any research or speak as part of the proceedings, he was named as honorary president as a means to attract other scientists to attend the event. A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers, and other documents reside in both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers),[197] and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing. [citation needed]. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone during the industrial revolution in 1876 at the age of 29. But the technology was limited in its capacity because it could transmit only one message at a time. In 1910, Davenport opened the Eugenics Records office at Cold Spring Harbor. Alexander Graham Bell, one of the fathers of the telephone He came up with the idea of sending tones on a wire with a device similar to a tuning fork, a sensation that got him funding from wealthy supporters. Alexander Graham Bell and the Invention of the Telephone [N 22][N 23] The innovations that were incorporated into this design included a cockpit enclosure and tail rudder (later variations on the original design would add ailerons as a means of control). In a footnote, Bell adds, "The death of President Garfield and the subsequent post-mortem examination, however, proved that the bullet was at too great a distance from the surface to have affected our apparatus."[161]. His primary source of income was from his work as an elocution expert. Under a wide and starry sky, Heres how he did it. [60] His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. On June 2, 1875, Watson accidentally plucked one of the reeds and Bell, at the receiving end of the wire, heard the overtones of the reed; overtones that would be necessary for transmitting speech. Alexander Graham Bell, who could not complete the university program of his youth, received at least a dozen honorary degrees from academic institutions, including eight honorary LL.D.s (Doctorate of Laws), two Ph.D.s, a D.Sc., and an M.D. Bell sketched out the telegraph to give him an idea of how to make the telephone. How Alexander Graham Bell Invented the Telephone He continued his research in sound and endeavored to find a way to transmit musical notes and articulate speech, but although absorbed by his experiments, he found it difficult to devote enough time to experimentation. In a magazine interview published shortly before his death, he reflected on the possibility of using solar panels to heat houses. Elon University / Imagining the Internet / 1870s - 1940s: Telephone

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