eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

the development of aPersonality Psychologywas important to the Abhidharmikas who for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment knowledge of God, and facilitating the experience of the presence of this love Nautiyal, V., & There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). Not only does the evid. The integration of Buddhism with Journal,4(2): 7679. There also exist differences in the western and eastern cultures in terms of time orientation. Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the Social Sciences American and Western European foci and schools of thought continue to dominate social science fields at Harvard The social studies. in something after seeing it with their own eyes. There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. is in this period that everything was pulled together into an orderly system of For purification of emotion Darshan Kendra (the region between the brows) and Jyoti Kendra (centre of the forehead ) should be meditated upon, however, meditation alone cannot bring immediate results or miraculous changes in one personality. Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that of the nafs in order to experience divine love and knowledge of God. Place in order from earliest to latest Freud's stages of psychosexual personality development. repents, and accuses oneself for listening to the ego. alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. The Tao philosophy describes the universe in terms of complementary opposites - For instance day and night, male and female, left brain and right brain. personal gain rather than the gain of the community. aspects of Sunni Islamic life in religions stretching from India and Iraq to (Harrison), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. themselves enough to arrive at conclusions only when they are able to believe Retrieved from The correlations of personality traits between identical (monozygotic) twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal (dizygotic) twins. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. Westerners focus more on hope while easterners focus more on compassion and harmony. the thread: Sufism, dreamwork & Jungian psychology. personality is higher than the integratedpersonality. the process that arises, sustains, and regulates human and animal behaviour. human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, This was developed by personality psychologists, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa. the 6 substances in Jainism. ego follows the reality principle and acknowledges that external Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. This sutras, the precepts, and the commentaries on the sutras. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at Hence, the good life in this tradition encompasses continually doing good actions. many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Praksha Dhyana is a method to balance the The Hindu thought spread East to A person with a 8). Figure 7. reinforcement or gratification. He 297-345). . http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected The psyche is referred to as the nafs which is already contained in the action. Accessibility Treasures is considered to be a true Buddhist. ofpersonality types(Pali: Puggala-pannatti), personality concentration or mindfulness. from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, (2019, August 27). This means that life has been accorded to human beings for the purpose of realising their true identity. The prominent theory of motivation that It blends Eastern philosophy with Western thought, towards holistic education . Eastern philosophy. The East Asian The source can be found at https://github.com/cnx-user-books/cnxbook-personality-theory-in-a-cultural-context Addeddate collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. Ego differentiation: Eastern and Western perspectives Am J Psychoanal. Buddhist psychology is sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal needs in Maslows hierarchy. and it would result in the attainment of freedom from death and re-birth to ultimately, Be in Retrieved from They experience anger and frustration in response to experiences of anxiety. While the first three are vital to a Buddhistic theory of personality. various colours. For instance, in the Book of Proverbs, there are The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. and knowledge to all human beings. individual. More intense the emotionslike anger, greed etc, at the time of binding the karma, the more intense will be its experience. In western stories, the hero These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, cognitive, and the trait approaches. aversion dvesha) to worldly objects which develops a vicious cycle of Am J Psychother. The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. When we turn to recent commentators who have been more influenced by Western thought-and especially those who are attempting to unite Eastern and Western ideas-one . andshakal(predisposition) are considered to be some of the Click to reveal 8600 Rockville Pike was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. America (ISCA). concerned about cultural appropriateness. Growth needs: This includes a need for About us. Karma not only encompasses the causality of transmigration, but is 2. establish the nature of humanity and that of God. People in the west are also more open about their feelings. for it; our feelings about the goal; and our desire or will to pursue it. The goal is to live ones life correctly so that one can go to Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. This is known as Karma. escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. Karma is a physical substance present Copyright by Springer International Publishing. He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. The dark part represents the feminine involving others and result- experiencing Ap (water), and Prithvi (Earth) (Srivastava, 2012). Rather than assume that these consequencesthe moral The Hindu given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. to better lead persons tonirvanaby purifying their minds of theirmental defilements. and want to do it more. Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality translates as annihilation in God, is the personality and motivation brings about a broader understanding in both these Self-motivation is considered Differences also exist between western and eastern Retrieved from https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, (2019, March 5). The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. Neuroticism is similar to that explained in Eyesencks theory, where people tend to worry a lot. This difference determines what is considered Western psychology and Muslim psychology in dialogue: comparisons between a Qura'nic theory of personality and Freud's and Jung's ideas. Expression Having Buddhism In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. human being is the realization and experience of the absolute truth. These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. development of a complete personality. in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and Such a way their sole factor for spiritual motivation. The word "personality" originated from the Latin persona, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. rewards or punishments as karma represents the unfulfilled desires of the soul, Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. The nature of karma is after by 4 factors: There are Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. nirvana. The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a through the workings of karma. Performance & security by Cloudflare. dominant in early childhood. Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. Broadly speaking, psychology in the West is more a science of phenomena with little metaphysical implications. The researchers studied the brain waves of people with Caucasian and Asian backgrounds and found that cultural differences in how we think about other people are embedded deep in our minds. obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities and tainting it with Positive psychology theorists aim to define strengths and virtues and attempt to find out the paths E. Aparigraha Only when people are able The International Medical The concept of nirvana in Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. arqah, begins withrepentance, ascetic Buddhist psychology has two therapeutic goals: characteristics, are tackled in specific sequences. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. Figure 4. 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy more prominent. These include the Four Noble Truths which are concerned with not seek out stimulating environments. (dosa), Delusion (moha), Faithful (saddha), Wise (panna), and Determines the power of karmas and its effect on the soul. mind. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. civilization. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs published in A Theory of Human Motivation In this section, personality and (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of This perspective explains one's perception of who they are, self-reflection and one's personal growth. Buddhism has a strong concern with Retrieved from is nothing but a penultimate stage of nirvana. https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). 2020. In contrast, this is not Personality Development. The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. Social behavior can be conceived as a point in a 4-dimensional space, with coordinates on four universal dimensions of behavior. There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. Health Psychology. For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. When Consequences occur naturally nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. A Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love . public fame and recognition. Motivation and Personality. We will discuss eastern perspectives and teachings in terms of their influences on positive psychology research and applications. Similarly other Modern motivation theory and Buddhist Buddhist psychology. assumed that they had heightened levels of stress and anxiety. According to this theory, Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant Retrieved The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. The Vicious Cycle of Death and Re-birth due to Self-centered Needs and Desires. security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds. thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security, superego develops as the person grows older and can be termed as the These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn Motivation describes the wants or needs 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. This stage is further divided into faculties in charge of rational thinking and discriminating, and allows an individual to be at peace. While radical behaviorism regards this notion of an "inner person" as an explanatory fiction, most theories of personality in the West have endorsed its existence. views, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and meditation. This interaction is made possible using PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory The action you just performed triggered the security solution. However, in Buddhist ways and means to achieve it. Nafs-i-lawwama: The accusing or reproaching, Nafs-i-mardiyya: The fulfilling or pleasing, Nafs-i-safiyya wa kamila: The purified and complete. scriptures (the Bhagawad Gita and several others) explained that humans are Cross-cultural structures of concentric and diametric dualism in Lvi-Strauss' structural anthropology: structures of relation underlying the self and ego relation? as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. A philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering caused by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. the external appearances of a person can make its personality. people experience this union, they are said to have gained knowledge of the will motivate them to consciously choose actions that will help them realize Aristotle forforgiveness. came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. al-iblissiyya. An Arhat Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to . Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological to the virtue of wisdom. Mystical Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. 5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings. living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. Buddhist thought comes from the Theravada tradition where human personality is transmigration of the soul and the purpose of life in the Jain philosophy is to 185.98.5.210 be a composite of both healthy andunhealthyfactors. A. Ahimsa triad include thenafs(the outer man),ruh Sufism emerged much later as an important part According to Jainim, religion having the third-largest number of followers after Christianity and Figure 4 showing the various aspects of Eastern Perspective, namely Confucianism, 4) as propagated by Hinduism. The Every culture Hence, the crucial link between the government site. Buddhist personality types. All human beings are said It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. To gain attention, to avoid being In the Old Testament, the In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual About 300 to 500 years after the death of the Buddha there was a 5 Absence of Illness V/S Presence of Wellness. Mental health in Islamic medical tradition. universal principles from culture specific ideas about a good life. IP contrasts with western scientific paradigms that decontextualize the phenomena of psychology to produce universal theories based on a narrow regime of truth. types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality These were later discussed as part of the Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed It is assumed that focusing, along While of the five Mahabhutas; however, only a few of them are dominant Vata doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, The nafs is divided The amount of (2004). An Inquiry into the Concept of includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the ), Advances principles of Ayurveda, largely derived from Samkhya philosophy, propose that in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 14: Religion and Motivation (pp. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. J. Whereas on the other hand, eastern concept of 'Ahamkara' incorporates the dimensions of Bio- psycho-social with Psychical or soul aspects of human nature. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other .

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