Tom works at the Brooklyn Inn, a dark, friendly neighborhood bar that was founded in 1885 and still doesnt have a cocktail list. From Hong Kong, currently based in Sweden. 28, 2023, Ruben Castaneda and Angela HauptFeb. Hingston was looking at none other than Jerry Thomas, "the Jupiter Olympus of the bar," to lift a phrase from the bartender's own drink book, the first ever published in the United States. . The daisy, a sour sweetened with orange cordial or grenadine, merits special attention because in Mexico it encountered tequila. From all that, I wanted to stitch together a book that would help people make Thomass drinks the way he would have. It was great fun to have a visit from my grandson Ethan (and his parents) recently. A sexual assault lawsuit against Jerry Jones that was previously dismissed has been revived. restoration of function and a return to a high quality of life. Terms of Service apply. After totaling a career-high 1,312 rushing yards last season -- five more than the 1,307 he had as a rookie in 2018, the fourth-most in the NFL in 2022, and the most by a New York since Tiki . Two silver and plated mugs, with handles and glass bottoms You see, like all sailors through the ages, the fellas Thomas served with loved their booze. With HBO Max you can stream all of HBO, plus your favorite series like South Park and Friends, as well as blockbuster movies and Max Originals. In 1998, most bartenders, even in a popular and rather upscale joint like WXOU, were essentially temp workers, and did all they could to make sure that you knew that they werent really bartenders. Out of the remote past, Thomas's finger still points the way to the future. Dr. Jerry Thomas is a Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation Specialist in Syosset, New York. You can follow him on his blog (narayanliu.wordpress.com), on Twitter (@Narayan_Liu) or contact him directly at Narayan(dot)Liu(at)gmail.com. But the only one I know who could pull off that white rat business convincingly is Tom Vaught. They produced personalized and delicious concoctions, and like illusionists who sawed women in half or pulled playing cards from thin air, the bartender gave away no secrets. . Thomas is known to have authored two books: How to Mix Drinks, or The Bon-Vivant's Companion (originally published in 1862, with new and updated editions in 1876, and again posthumously in 1887) and Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Bar-Keepers (originally published in 1867 and considered a lost book). Jerry Thomas, Actor: Sunday Too Far Away. Margarita. At present, he is working on the Oxford Companion to Spirits and Cocktails, a multi-year project. But one aspect of the bartending profession is still unrivaled to this day: the theatre that Jerry Thomas brought to cocktail bars in the middle of the 19th century. Hes into trains. Published Jun 10, 2021. Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones is up to something. There he beheld a magnificent figure wielding two mixing glasses and all ablaze with diamonds, a jewelry display that included a clustered stickpin in his shirtfront, diamond cufflinks and an array of diamond rings. He had to auction his possessions at one point, apparently after an investment went bad. If you're a new visitor, welcome to my website! Toward the end of Thomass glorious reign as king of the bar, a new kind of cocktail was emerging lighter, less alcoholic and usually involving vermouth, a key ingredient in the manhattan and the martini. Get our freshest features and recipes weekly. He had to sell his successful saloon and auction off his considerable art collection; he tried opening a new bar but was unable to maintain the level of popularity as his more famous location. 72 reviews of Jerry Thomas Speakeasy "We heard about this place our last night in Rome, and it was the perfect ending to our 2-week vacation. Audrey Saunderss queenly dignity was an inspiration, as was Gary Regans quiet courage and very loud humanity and Del Pedros peerless hospitality. Head Bartender at the Delta Saloon in 1863 was Prof. Jerry Thomas, most celebrated barman in American history. Narayan Liu (/Nran L/ in IPA) is a contributing features and news writer, and junior editor at CBR. (This page is printer and handheld device friendly). This animated series' announcement comes several months after the worldwide box office success of Tom and Jerry, which hit theaters in February and grossed $14.11 million over its opening weekend-- a substantial gain in the pandemic-era. The original cocktail showman, Jeremiah P. Thomas was the godfather of flair bartending, the spiritual ancestor of Tom Cruise in Cocktail, the author of the world's first surviving cocktail book, and a New York icon, too. You can watch it on HBO Max ($14.99/month). As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. His time at 622 Broadway was quite productive. KEEP READING: HBO Max Is Developing a Modern Solution to Password Sharing. Thomass life spanned the three great ages of the cocktail, the archaic, the baroque and the classic, a helpful chronology proposed by Mr. Wondrich. The Jerry Thomas Project. In the fall of 1859, while he was establishing himself at the Metropolitan Hotel, Professor Thaddeus S.C. Lowe planned to fly across the Atlantic Ocean in a hot air balloon called The City of New York. 6/27/2022. With the open seas roiling beneath him, he looks out and waits to see the new city, which promises him much more than what he has on that ship: gold. Hell, what did Fido ever do? Thomas finally gets his due in Imbibe! (Perigee Books, $23.95), a biography and annotated recipe book by David Wondrich. . Find Thomas Jerry's phone number, address, and email on Spokeo, the leading people search directory for contact information and public records. Sign Located to the Right of Entrance Doors of The Delta Saloon in Virginia City, Nevada, "IMBIBE! For technique and sheer elegance, there was Dale Degroff. No - He does not own any un-incorporated business by himself. Ice was an art. His signature drink, undoubtedly, and the one that expresses his flamboyant personality to the utmost, is the Blue Blazer, a flaming stream of blazing whiskey poured between two metal tumblers. [3] He died in New York City of a stroke (apoplexy) in 1885 at the age of 55. But then Tom got his first voice-over gig, and didnt tend bar again for another decade or so. Margarita. Dr. Jerry Thomas is a Physiatrist in Ann Arbor, MI. Leave a comment on my weblog or send me an e-mail. If you're a new visitor, welcome to my website! I know a great number of bartenders. Dr. Jerry Thomas has primarily specialised in Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation for over 9 years. At the Occidental Hotel in San Francisco, Thomas was earning $100 a weekmore than the Vice President of the United States. But here we step into a world that Thomas never lived to see, even if he built its foundations. With the open seas roiling beneath him, he looks out and waits to see the new city, which promises him much more than what he has on that ship: gold. [4] Thomas was one of the first to display the drawings of Thomas Nast. Upon returning to New York City, he became head bartender at the Metropolitan hotel. The information contained in this website is only for general information purposes. Mr. DeGroff, now a consultant, no longer tends bar, but the little revolution sparked by Thomass book continues to shake things up, carried forward by a new generation of bartenders inspired by his example and by a book written when Abraham Lincoln was president. The 79-year-old established film producer, who worked with Depp, 59, on the . His business expenses were as big as his fame, and he bought it all on credit. But that time is ending now. In 2004, I sat down to write Imbibe, a sort of biographical-historical bartenders guide centered on Jerry Thomas, 19th-century Americas most famous bartender, and his drinks. The new season of the HBO Max Family series will contain more wild chases between Tom and Jerry along with over-the-top pranks and new characters. On December 15, 1885, the front page of the New York paper, The World, announced the death of the man many consider the founding father of modern bartending: Jerry "The Professor" Thomas. [4] He was well known for his showmanship as a bartender: he developed elaborate and flashy techniques of mixing cocktails, sometimes while juggling bottles, cups and mixers. If you're a new visitor, welcome to my website! All editorial and photography on diffordsguide.com is copyright protected. The Professor was still conjuring big ideas until the end, but in 1885, he dropped dead suddenly in his New York house on 9th Avenue and West 63rd Street. WarnerMedia has announced the arrival of a new animated comedy series, Tom and Jerry in New York, to air on HBO Max. As he wandered, he picked up on the latest developments in the art, inventing new cocktails and building a serious following for his particular blend of craftsmanship and showmanship, epitomized in his signature drink, the Blue Blazer, a pyrotechnic showpiece in which an arc of flame passed back and forth between two mixing glasses. Tom did just the opposite: he owned that bar like a barkeeper in a John Ford western. [4] While in California, Thomas worked as a bartender, gold prospector and minstrel show manager. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Thomas found his professional footing in an age of flamboyant creativity, when bartenders experimented with a bewildering array of ingredients and styles, and by the time of his death in 1885 he had seen the birth of the more streamlined modern cocktail typified by the manhattan and the martini. It is scheduled to premiere on July 1. )[2][3] As a young man, he learned bartending in New Haven, Connecticut before sailing for California during its mid-19th century Gold Rush. [3] His mixing of the "Martinez", which recipe was published in the 1887 edition of his guide, has sometimes been viewed as a precursor to the modern martini. 0. Their name is legion, and most of them, in the inspired early decades of the baroque age, came from the West Coast, source of the zany drinks that astounded so many foreign visitors cocktails like the fiscal agent and the vox populi. For Thomas, gigs lost their luster quickly. Liked by Jerry Thomas Rutgers men's basketball earned a 65-64 win at No. The Professor invented several cocktails over the course of his career, including the Tom and Jerry, Lambs Wool, and Champarelle. Eventually, the voice-over work started to get outsourced or pay-cut or in-housed or whatever happens to cool, well-paying jobs in modern America, and Tom went behind the stick again, this time at WXOU, a lively, neighborhoody bar in the West Village with a great jukebox. NFL rumors are running wild with Jerry Jones up to something, Mike White being open to a New York Jets return and Mike Tomlin being the apple of every prospect's eye at the NFL combine. Now, this affect might sound more like affectationsilly and pretentiousand in a person without Toms presence, it probably would be. So whether you're a kid or a grown-up, take a look around. Our free to use website requires cookies to properly function, as most websites do. New York, NY. His father was a career Marine with 27 years in the Corps including service in the Korean War and four tours of duty in Vietnam. Gold digging was rough labor, and this burgeoning bartender was more of an epicure than a hard laborer. Subspecialists include. The original cocktail showman, Jeremiah P . You would think a man so experienced would be in his mid-forties at least by this point, but Jerry was just 28 when he decided to settle down. The final, expanded edition of The Bon-Vivants Companion, published two years after Thomass death, trembles at the dawn of the cocktails modern age. At one point he toured Europe, carrying along a set of solid-silver bar tools. Bartenders did not use cocktail shakers. He had great fun throwing balls, playing his balloon, and eating spaghetti, as you can see. But that fell through after a bout of cholera hit the crew. Having more than 9 years of diverse experiences, especially in PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION, Dr. Jerry Thomas affiliates with Mercy Medical Center, cooperates with many other doctors and specialists in medical group Long Island Physician Associates Pllc. Along the way, Thomas plied his trade, by his own account, in towns as various as St. Louis, New Orleans, Chicago and Charleston, S.C. One newspaper obituary placed him, improbably, in Keokuk, Iowa. He a busy boy, 15 months old, and just starting to talk. This happened when he and his traveling companions decided to have a romp in a cathedral, and the locals didnt take too kindly to it. Ever the restless sort, he gave up the saloon to start a minstrel band (yes, you read that right). He came down with it, too, but managed to survive. "Tom and Jerry in New York" Season 2 premieres on the streaming service Thursday, Nov. 18. He was so successful that, with his brother George, he opened a bar of his own near the Metropolitan at 622 Broadway. New York-based workers have an average one-way commute of 58 minutes, while white-collar staffers in Paris average 52 minutes and Hong Kong staffers average 44, according to data from Moovit Inc. By this time Thomas was middle-aged, with a wife and two daughters, and at 205 pounds one of the lighter members of the Fat Mens Association, but still, undeniably, a sport. [3], Upon returning to New York City, he became head bartender at the Metropolitan hotel. Thomas was a genius for publicity. Jerry J Thomas, Age 66. The first bi-coastal celebrity bartender, he brought civility to the bar scene as well as creativity to mixology. But here we step into a world that Thomas never lived to see, even if he built its foundations. Facebook gives people the power to. Even though the Professor of mixology took the secretive edge away from the craft, Thomas by no means decried showmanship in bartending. Even though the evidence for this is dubious, isn't it fun to imagine the father of mixology getting his start serving up overpriced golden drinks to gambling saloon patrons? photo: Doron Gild. While the Occidental Cigar Club was established in 2001, its roots go far back in San Francisco history to the 1860's and The Occidental Hotel. In 1991, he got his first bartending job at the clubby East Village dive Stellas, which would later become Lucky Chengs. For a time, the Professors financial stability allowed him to settle down and become a family man. I've accepted a position as vice-president for product development at Pacific Press in Idaho. But he was not a natural businessman and he struggled to keep his businesses up and running. And the rest of us epicures are lucky he did! The little revolution continues to shake things up, carried forward by a new generation of bartenders. Set the whisky on fire and while blazing, pour from each into the other mug. Luckily for the rowdy twenty-one-year-old, he didnt get into too much trouble because he was protected by the British consul in Mexico City. During the high times, The Professor literally dripped with diamonds - a mesmerized visitor to San Francisco's Occidental Hotel noted Thomas's diamond cufflinks, stick pins and rings (plural). It really smooths off the edges in all-liquor drinks, Mr. Wondrich said. Hot Shots: Dr. Wondrich is the author of countless newspaper and magazine articles and five books, including the hugely influential Imbibe! Theres only one bartenders diary for all of the 19th century, and most of that consists of the author drinking a lot and being sick the next day.. They were people who earned money, spent it grandly, went broke, and started the process again. At the same time, Thomas himself appears, for the first time, as a living presence: a devotee of bare-knuckle prize fights, a flashy dresser fond of kid gloves, an art collector, a restless traveler usually carrying a fat wad of bank notes and a gold Parisian watch. The sad part is that the ship's dog was thrown overboard during the debacle. Toward the end of his life, Thomas tried speculating on Wall Street, but bad judgments rendered him broke. Theres nothing wrong with that stuff, but its not Tom. The bar, which took the 52nd ranking on the 2018 World's Best 50 . Thomas last saloon was opened in 1881 and was situated on 6th Avenue and West 10th St. in New York. Before the release of Tom and Jerry, the last major film focused on the Hanna-Barbera heroes was the 1992 Tom and Jerry: The Movie, a musical comedy that also garnered negative reviews and failed to make its $3.5 million budget back, grossing just $3.6 million with its theatrical release. If you're older, then the grown-up mode is what you're looking for. Add ice, stir, then strain into a chilled . [1] In addition to writing the seminal work on cocktails, Bar-Tender's Guide, Thomas displayed creativity and showmanship while preparing drinks and established the image of the bartender as a creative professional. Tom is the kind of bartender who can keep five simultaneous conversations going with the folks at the bar; who knows more jokes and better ones than you do with accompanying in-character voices; who spins a yarn and tells a tale and reminds you that you go to a bar for more than alcohol. Like Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone and Buffalo Bill Cody, he was the sort of self-invented, semimythic figure that America seemed to spawn in great numbers during its rude adolescence. Jerry Thomas in New York We found 15 records for Jerry Thomas in New Hyde Park, Brooklyn and 11 other cities in New York. Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians / Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. Wondrich puts the drinks in context, with their ingredients explained, their measurements accurately indicated, and their place in the overall cocktail scheme mapped out. jerry thomas return to new yorkgrillsportverein pizzaofen. They were divided into a temperance crowd and a party crowd. Tagged: Along the way, Thomas plied his trade, by his own account, in towns as various as St. Louis, New Orleans, Chicago and Charleston, South Carolina. Principal Barman Professor Jerry Thomas plied his trade there and was the originator of the Martini. Which is fine, since Tom is not now, and never has been, the sort to pinch things with tweezers, measure them out with eyedroppers and strain them multiple times through increasingly fine meshes. 150 Eileen Way Unit 1, Syosset, NY 11791-5313. Anyone can read what you share. After all these adventures, Thomas' career as a celebrity bartender began to take form in 1858, when he accepted a job as principal bartender at the Metropolitan Hotel in New York. Mike White would go back to the New York Jets. RELATED: Ed, Edd n Eddy: HBO Max Is Still Missing the Holiday Specials - and the Movie. At a time when bartenders relied on powdered mixes, canned fruit juices and a narrow repertory of perhaps a dozen drinks, Thomas imparted a lofty sense of the bartenders vocation. In the improved cocktail, maraschino liqueur was substituted for Curaao. Pour whisky into one mug and boiling water into the other. They really ought to put some sort of plaque there, Mr. Wondrich said. Lemon peel for garnish. The animated icons return for another a new madcap adventure. And as a professor and a showman, Jerry Thomas should be remembered as a man who should itblazed a trail hot and bright enough to sear through history. Just as dazzling were the drinks, unheard of in Britain: strange mixtures like crustas, smashes and daisies. But honestly, how could they be expected to abstain from drinking when they had to do ungodly hours of hard labor for $12 dollars a month? He also discovered that most of the gin recipes envisioned the strongly flavored, malty Dutch gin, not the style known as London dry, which did not take off until the 1890s. - Page 2 David Wondrich was educatedin between stints as boatyard worker, bass player, process server and a dozen other thingsat New York University, where he earned a Doctorate in Comparative Literature in 1997. The Ann Smith was one such ship. A compulsive wanderer, Thomas seems to have worked in Saint Louis, New Orleans, Chicago and Charleston, as well as New York and San Francisco, collecting recipes from all across the US as he travelled. Did Thomas create the Tom & Jerry cocktail? [2], Thomas was an active man about town, a flashy dresser who was fond of kid gloves and his gold Parisian watch. In a cocktail-besotted era, Thomas was first without equals, an inventor, showman and codifier who, in the book known variously as "The Bar-Tender's Guide," "How to Mix Drinks" or "The Bon-Vivant's Companion," laid down the principles for formulating mixed drinks of all categories and established the image of the bartender as a creative professional. A bar tab of his went unpaid for three weeks. (HBO Max/ YouTube). With Toms theatrical background, you might think the flamboyance and the rhetoric, the swagger and the hammer, are just extreme examples of the usual dramatic bullshit; that theyre an act. Patients may have muscle, bone, soft tissue or nervous system injuries. It's your valuable health care visit, so get answers that matter to you. To make an improved brandy cocktail, for example, you strained the plain version (brandy, bitters and gum syrup, plus one or two dashes of Curaao) into a fancy wine glass, moistened the rim of the glass with lemon and added a twist of lemon to the drink. But again, we should all be thankful that Thomas didnt get too distracted from his pursuits in mixology. . Animation (WBA) and Cartoon Network Studios (CNS). Phone Number: (347) 398- YONI +6 phones. Share story: Tom Vaught is a bartender. Cowboys Country Staff Mar 4, 2023 10:01 AM EST In this story: Dallas Cowboys MARCH 4 WADE'S COMPLAINT Wade Phillips accomplished a great deal in his NFL life, including his work as a head coach of. Tom and Jerry, they were called. Explore the safety and efficacy of Ozempic, a popular GLP-1 receptor agonist medication for weight loss. Add lemon skin, pour mixture into glass blazing, and cover with a cup. The recipes, embracing categories of mixed drinks and exotic ingredients not seen since Prohibition, opened up a dizzying range of possibilities that DeGroff explored, most influentially, at the Rainbow Room in midtown Manhattan. Once served the Prince of Wales. The 1876 edition included the first written recipe for the Tom Collins,[6][7] which appeared just after The Tom Collins Hoax of 1874. Wondrich was able to determine that a wineglass, as a unit of measure, equaled two ounces, or about 6 centiliters. Here was something to write home about. Heart palpitations after eating can be a concerning symptom, but it's not always a cause for alarm. He enjoyed traveling. View Jerry Thomas results in Bloomfield, NY including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 12:27. Preheat the mugs and warm the whisky The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Advance Local. Mr. Wondrich was able to determine that a wineglass, as a unit of measure, equaled two ounces. View the profiles of people named Jerry Thomas. Hes not one of our modern celebrity mixologist-type bartenders. He then went on to complete a . Nowadays Narayan writes about films, TV shows, comic books and video games, or about anything related to The Witcher. The animated cat and mouse duo return to the 5-star Royal Gate Hotel in New York City to cause chaos for each other and the hotel guests. You can't say this man wasn't lucky, as he would prove in his next escapade . He does accept the payment amount Medicare approves and not to bill you for more than the Medicare deductible and coinsurance. Email Address: s CLID @yahoo.com +3 emails. Born in 1830, in the little town of Sacketts' Harbor, upstate New York, Thomas began bartending in the town of New Haven, before gold fever brought him to San Francisco as crew on the bark Ann Smith. [9]. New York Presbyterian Hospital (Columbia and Cornell Campus) . 4 oz scotch whisky (52% abv or higher) Hold on to your hats, New York! He was the best candidate to write such a book considering he became a star bartender in his day with the owner of the Metropolitan, Charles Leland, calling Thomas the best barkeeper I ever saw. Despite being ready to weather the cold and to engage in combat with sharks, the lift-off never happened. By middle age he was married and had two daughters. The sling developed complications, incorporating ice and bitters, and became the cocktail, which Thomas made in three styles, plain, fancy and improved. In 1866 he opened his own bar again, on Broadway between 21st and 22nd Streets, which became his most famous establishment. Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site. But the Blue Blazer stands out because of its extra flare . He is a native New Yorker who knew from an early age that he wanted to become a physician, completing his degree through a seven-year accelerated BS/DO program at New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, graduating top five percent of his class. The saloon included funhouse mirrors. The old-fashioned punches, often hot and mixed in large quantities for communal consumption, gave way to a variety of individual drinks, all of them iced, and all involving fruit: the Collins, the fizz, the daisy, the sour, the cooler and the cobbler. Rum, of course, was the spirit of choice. Find out how to adopt this simple step into your daily oral health regimen. The upcoming series will see Tom and Jerry move into the . This historic bar has been adapted for use as a Restoration Hardware store. Before, especially coming from Asbury, I had a sense of Thomas as a magisterial, godlike creature, Mr. Wondrich said in a telephone interview. Join Facebook to connect with Jerry Thomas and others you may know. The text defined recipes that are now considered classics, from ciders and punches to toddies and julepsas well as his still-famous Blue Blazer recipe. During the low times? Mr. Wondrich, a former classics scholar and the drink correspondent for Esquire, was intrigued by the often-puzzling recipes in Thomass book, and frustrated by Herbert Asbury, whose fancifully embellished version of Thomass life, presented in a reprint of the 1887 edition of The Bon-Vivants Companion, wraps sparse facts in a thick layer of myth, conjecture and purple prose. Because of his pioneering work in popularizing cocktails across the United States as well, he is considered "the father of American mixology". And I suppose they are, but in the same way that Jerry Thomass swagger and whatnot was an act. 3 dashes bitters, such as Angostura. "[3] He is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City. Congrats to the Raad Ahmed, Jerry Thomas, and Lawtrades team for the launch of their new app, an all-in-one platform to connect legal teams with Liked by Jerry Thomas AngelList Talent is now. Learn what to do if you feel the hospital is discharging you too soon, and get tips for making the transition as smooth as possible. At the same time, Thomas himself appears, for the first time, as a living presence: a devotee of bare-knuckle prize fights, a flashy dresser, an art collector, a restless traveler usually carrying a fat wad of bank notes and a gold Parisian watch. IN 1863, an English traveler named Edward Hingston walked into the Occidental Hotel in San Francisco and stepped up to the bar. This meant that when Jerry moved to a city like New York, where the lifestyle could be better lived, Thomas could thrive both professionally and socially among his fellow sportsmen. The event was organized by David Wondrich, author of, Thomas is featured in the exhibits of the, Cocktail writer David Wondrich has written a book about Jerry Thomas entitled. The book collected and codified what was then an oral tradition of recipes from the early days of cocktails, including some of his own creations; the guide laid down the principles for formulating mixed drinks of all categories. [2] As such, he was often nicknamed "Professor" Jerry Thomas. 4 Ways to Stick to Your Physical Therapy 'Homework', Tips for Relieving Daily Stress and Calming Down, Lisa Esposito, Amir Khan and Christine ComizioFeb. Check out the books you haven't read. (Thomass book was the first to mention the twist, which replaced grated nutmeg as the final flourish to a drink.) But while bits of gold may show up here and there, the search for lasting wealth was always a longshot. In Thomas era, a culture that embraced the libertine lifestyle whenever it was affordable stood in opposition to the more uptight, Victorian culture. In both places, you can find out if I'm visiting somewhere near you. If you purchase a product or register for an account through one of the links on our site, we may receive compensation.
Mold Smells Like Cigarette Smoke,
Upcoming Inquests Newport Gwent,
Companies That Donate Swag Bag Items,
Larkin Family Medicine Residency,
Articles J