which of the following best explains diffusion?

Several large cities on the East Coast provide a growing market and shorter distances for transporting market gardening products. & y_1^{\prime}=3 y_2 \\ Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product. A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. When placed in a hypertonic solution, a red blood cell will lose water and undergo crenation (shrivel). If sublimation is carried out in a narrow crucible, the fumes diffuse slowly out towards the mouth of the container and then rapidly disappear. Large polar molecules cannot diffuse across a biological membrane B. Facilitated diffusion requires the assistance of proteins. For each of the following cases, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible. Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis? Lipids do not mix with water (recall that oil is a lipid), so the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane acts as a barrier, keeping water out of the cell, and keeping the cytoplasm inside the cell. \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{W}_{\text {cycle }}=250 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=200 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { c. } \dot{W}_{\text {cycle }}=350 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=150 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { d. } \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=200 \mathrm{kW}}\end{array} Terms of Service. In its inward-facing shape, the pump loses its interest in (has a low affinity for) potassium ions, so the two potassium ions will be released into the cytoplasm. When red blood cells are in a hypertonic (higher concentration) solution, water flows out of the cell faster than it comes in. Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid . Just like the first cup, the sugar is the solute, and the water is the solvent. A. Spaeth, E. E., and Friedlander, S.K. Mehrer, H. and Stolwijk, N. A. The image is a simple representation of the diffusion of one particle in another medium. Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances against their own gradients. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? Not everything can make it into your cells. What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. Nuclear pores connect the cytoplasm with the nucleoplasm and allow substances to move between the two areas. Heroes and Highlights in the History of Diffusion. This occurs because there is a net movement of sugar molecules into the water medium. Which of these components add specialized functions to the plasma membrane? Active transport mechanisms do just this, expending energy (often in the form of ATP) to maintain the right concentrations of ions and molecules in living cells. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration solution (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher concentration solution (i.e., lower concentration of water). Which of these statements is NOT true? Pour all of the water down the sink, and wash out the glasses. (2009). Since diffusion is powered primarily by the probability of molecules moving away from a region of higher saturation, it immediately follows that when the medium (or solvent) has a very low concentration of the solute, the probability of a molecule diffusing away from the central area is higher. SDS, RDS, More Regulatory & Compliance Information, Lithium Battery UN 38.3 Test Summary Search, Transparency in Supply Chains and Modern Slavery Disclosures, Fill one glass half full of the coldest water you can get from the tap, Fill the other glass the same amount with the hottest water you can get from the tap. This statement describes _____. What is transported across a membrane during osmosis? Because diffusion happens from high concentration to low concentration, the more molecules are moving, the more opportunities they have to mix together. Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images? Type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP, Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins, Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient, Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis. Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown? Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop. The material that diffuses could be a solid, liquid or gas. Simple diffusion can be disrupted if the diffusion distance is increased. This means that the dry ice (or even regular ice) will evaporate faster on a warmer day, simply because each molecule is moving with greater energy and is more likely to quickly escape the confines of a solid state. Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits? The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly. What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic? Which of the following compares this geographic relationship between these revolutions? D. The IV fluid should be hypotonic to the patient's blood. Epinephrine diffuses through the plasma membrane; the hormone dimerizes in the cytosol. ), y1=3y2y2=12y1\begin{aligned} Some molecules can go through the cell membrane to enter and leave the cell, but some cannot. The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern. A. This type of transport is known as _____. Feedlots can minimize costs associated with livestock production because feedlots do not use as much space as cattle ranching. All the examples given above were instances of simple diffusion. In secondary active transport, the two molecules being transported may move either in the same direction (i.e., both into the cell), or in opposite directions (i.e., one into and one out of the cell). While this charge ratio does make the cells interior slightly more negative, it actually accounts for only a, Instead, the sodium-potassium pump acts primarily by building up a high concentration of potassium ions inside the cell, which makes potassiums concentration gradient very steep. Simple diffusion is relevant in chemical reactions, in many physical phenomena, and can even influence global weather patterns and geological events. Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas. Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? The IV fluid should be isotonic to the patient's blood. Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures? If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just tap on the card to take it out of the box. However, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape. Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries. While they are confined to the smaller surface area within the crucible, the rate of diffusion remains low. Which of the following best explains the importance of climate to agricultural practices? Philibert, J. D. Golgi apparatus. Which of the following explains an impact of globalized agricultural commodity chains on consumers as compared to producers? She consumed a large amount of water in a short time (Don't try thiswater intoxication is often fatal.). Why Do Giant Pandas Have Low Libido? Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication? If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Describe flow of solvent molecules across a membrane. Which of the following organelles will be abundant in liver cells? This is usually not directed in any particular manner, and can appear random. The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. Glucose is the most commonly used energy source by human cells because (Points: 1) this is the most abundant macromolecule available for cellular respiration. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the tw. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. A substance moves by facilitated diffusion into a cell. This process requires some form of chemical energy. Red blood cells behave the same way (see figure below). A. this is in relation to the electrochemical gradient section. Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries? In secondary active transport, the movement of the sodium ions down their gradient is coupled to the uphill transport of other substances by a shared carrier protein (a. Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. Determine the type of membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions. Which of the following is used to export large molecules from the cell? The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern. Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. does the glucose molecule just randomly attach itself to the protein when it's about to transport a sodium ion to the other side? At 3M, we discover and innovate in nearly every industry to help solve problems around the world. It is simply the statistical outcome of random motion. Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle? When oxygen is moving towards tissues from capillaries, carbon dioxide is entering the bloodstream. Its tempting to simply make an argument based on stoichiometry: for every three ions of sodium that move out, only two ions of potassium move in, resulting in a more negative cell interior. Even in large industrial reactions, when two liquids are mixed together, diffusion brings the reactants together and allows the reaction to proceed smoothly. Water molecules will move from the side of higher water concentration to the side of lower concentration until both solutions are isotonic. Typically, diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from high concentrations to lower concentrations. For instance, the channel protein that transports potassium ions has a much higher affinity for that ion than a very similar sodium ion, with nearly the same size and charge. In less developed countries, pesticides are typically applied by hand, whereas pesticides are typically applied by tractors or aircraft in more developed countries. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? 1. Nerve cells do not have centrioles. All cells have a barrier around them that separates them from the environment and from other cells. This barrier is called the plasma membrane, or cell membrane. why wouldnt cells use atp for primary active transport of glucose directly, why go through a second step? If you say something, I ll ask someone at what age erectile dysfunction starts to clean it up. Animal cells tend to do best in an isotonic environment, where the flow of water in and out of the cell is occurring at equal rates. No, because the potassium is highly concentrated in the cell, and so that's where the molecules must go(based on active transport going low concentration to high concentration). That is because the molecules from the food odor havent diffused into that space yet. solute: a substance dissolved in another to form a solution. If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. Watch what happens to the food coloring. Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will take in water across their membranes until both the external solution and the cytosol are isotonic. Epinephrine is taken into the cell by endocytosis; glycogen is converted to glucose in the endocytotic vesicle. Farmers' health is at risk in less developed countries, whereas environmental pollution is a risk in more developed countries. A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. Option C is the correct answer because Cultural divergence (CD) happens when two cultures separate, therefore CD explains the best concept of driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion. Simple diffusion is merely the movement of molecules along their concentration gradient without the direct involvement of any other molecules. This way, the capillaries remain at a low carbon dioxide concentration, allowing the constant movement of the molecule away from cells. A primary active transport process is one in which __________. The first sugar solution is hypotonic to the second solution. The brands listed above are trademarks of 3M. It will bind two of them, and this triggers removal of the phosphate group attached to the pump in step 2. Because a solute moving down its concentration gradient is spontaneous. Process of Osmosis vs. Diffusion . In fact, cells spend much of the energy they harvest in metabolism to keep their active transport processes running. Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient. A heavier molecule with a larger surface area will diffuse slowly, while smaller, lighter particles will diffuse more quickly. passive transport: a method of transporting material that does not require energy. A. how does the antiporter provide energy for molecules to go in the "opposite" direction? Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration solution (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher concentration solution (i.e., lower concentration of water). Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. Each of these factors, independently and collectively can alter the rate and extent of diffusion. Divide the following terms into component parts and give the meanings of the complete terms. You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? In chemical processes, diffusion is often the central principle driving many reactions. When the roommate told the Emergency Department doctor what had happened, the doctor quickly began administering IV (intravenous) fluids. Direct link to long pham's post if there are more Potassi, Posted 6 years ago. This is related to both the mass of the molecule and its surface area. Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by: Sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a protein channel across a plasma membrane. Once again, as the concentration of this gas increases within the cell, it diffuses outwards towards capillaries where the force of flowing blood removes the excess gas from the tissue region. when it releases the ions the pump no longer has a affinity for the molecules, is this because the energy used to change the conformation of the pump knocks off electrons or does the phosphates make the pump more negative due to the negative charges on the phosphates itself? Na+ Which of the following solutions will cause a red blood cell to shrink? Does it move differently in the hot water than the cold water? Also, think about where you see this happen in other places. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Through the process of uniculturalism, multiple types of foods are blended together into one cuisine. What would happen if a cell dissolved in water, like sugar does? What four steps should you take to reduce your risk for foodborne illnesses? Channels are very selective and will accept only one type of molecule (or a few closely related molecules) for transport. Compared to plain milk or fresh fruit, these value-added agricultural goods significantly increase the price of the farm products sold and increase earnings for farmers. Why does the diffusion of the solute down its concentration gradient release energy? So something must protect the cell and allow it to survive in its water-based environment. The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. The sugar dissolves and the mixture that is now in the cup is made up of a solute (the sugar) that is dissolved in the solvent (the water). Have you ever colored a picture with marker and noticed that two touching colors begin to bleed together? Imagine now that you have a second cup with \(100 \: \text{mL}\) of water, and you add \(45 \: \text{g}\) of table sugar to the water. This results in swelling of the cell and potential hemolysis (bursting) of the cell. 266X15aX+baY+32b. he Na+\mathrm{Na}^{+}Na+concentration of a solution was determined by measurement with a sodium ion-selective electrode. Obviously, the cell could not survive in such an environment. Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? In the context of the Second Agricultural Revolution, which of the following trends is represented in these images? He should be given a hypotonic drip to draw fluid out of his cells. serve as the site for metabolic reactions such as protein synthesis. D. The SER stores calcium ions. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. Although one of these refers to chemical properties and the latter social interaction, both are examples or diffusion. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultu. 0 To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus. The electrochemical gradients set up by primary active transport store energy, which can be released as the ions move back down their gradients. Diffusion helps in the movement of substances in and out of the cells. The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell. Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Here, the cell can't import glucose for free using diffusion, because the natural tendency of the glucose will be to diffuse out rather than flowing in.Instead, the cell must bring in more glucose molecules via active transport.In active transport, unlike passive transport, the cell expends energy (for example, in the form of ATP) to move a substance against its concentration gradient. Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. If a route such as a channel or carrier protein is open, sodium ions will move down their concentration gradient and return to the interior of the cell. Which of the following explains why oranges are available. PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter, PS3.C: Relationship Between Energy and Forces. Channels Channel proteins span the membrane and make hydrophilic tunnels across it, allowing their target molecules to pass through by diffusion. What type of cellular extension have you observed? How is the , Posted 7 years ago. Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town. At equilibrium, movement of molecules does not stop. Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane? Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid seeds and the chemical inputs to grow them, leaving large gaps in the success of the Green Revolution outside of urban cores. The SER synthesizes the majority of the lipid components of the plasma membrane. A. Golgi apparatus Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? This statement describes _____. Drought and depletion of groundwater sources in developing countries cause a rise in global grain prices and associated higher costs for food. Diagram of a sodium-glucose cotransporter, which uses the energy stored in a sodium ion gradient to transport glucose "uphill" against its gradient. Biology Dictionary. Privacy Policy and A fish that lives in salt water will have somewhat salty water inside itself. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication. Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds. You now add the two solutions to a beaker that has been divided by a semipermeable membrane, with pores that are too small for the sugar molecules to pass through, but are big enough for the water molecules to pass through. Which of the following best explains the risks associated with pesticide applications? On the other hand, facilitated diffusion, as the term indicates, requires the presence of another molecule (the facilitator) in order for diffusion to occur. Diffusion is affected by temperature, area of interaction, steepness of the concentration gradient and particle size. Conversely, in active transport, the solute moves against the concentration gradient, from regions of lower to higher concentration. Posted 7 years ago. Which of the following best explains why farmers would plant both strawberries and watermelons in the same field? This page titled 8.4: Osmosis and Diffusion is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation. See our These farmers and traders exchanged the domesticated plants between themselves. This statement describes _____. Which of the following spatial patterns is best explained by bid-rent theory? What values of a and b would complete each of the following (X and Y are not meant to be any particular elements): 266X+baY15aX+32b\begin{aligned} 266 \mathrm{X} & \rightarrow \alpha+\mathrm{b}^{\mathrm{a}} \mathrm{Y} \\ Based on the different types of land use shown in the image, which of the following best explains why soil salinization is a concern in the arid landscape shown? (2005). movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Image depicting the charge and ion distribution across the membrane of a typical cell. How To Use Patchouli Oil For Erectile Dysfunction? Your cells have a plasma membrane that helps to guard your cells from unwanted intruders.

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